Peter Navarro argues that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act implicitly authorizes presidential tariffs because the power to “regulate importation” naturally includes tariffs, the traditional tool for controlling trade, and because presidents who can ban imports entirely should also be able to impose the lesser measure of taxing them. The article’s thesis is that IEEPA gives presidents authority to impose tariffs during national emergencies, even though the statute never mentions the words “tariff,” “duty,” or “tax.”