The Bureau of Labor Statistics, part of the United States Department of Labor, captures data regarding productivity of workers. Some data is available for the states. The programs web page is Labor Productivity and Costs.
Some data is presented as index values, with 2012 set to 100. This index is calculated independently for each state.
To help understand more about productivity in the states, I calculated two additional measures for each state and each year. One is Value of production per hour, which is the total value of production divided by hours worked. The other is Value per real labor compensation cost, which is the total value of production divided by total real labor compensation cost.
BLS offers these definitions:
Employment
Employment is a measure that represents the total number of wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family workers working at various occupations (jobs) within business establishments. An individual who works multiple jobs at separate establishments would have each job included in the employment measure.
Hourly labor compensation
Hourly labor compensation is a measure that represents the compensation for labor services received for each hour worked.
Hours
A hybrid measure of both hours worked and hours paid. [Labor] hours is a measure that represents the amount of time individuals contribute to produce output of domestic goods and services.
Implicit output deflator
The implicit output deflator is a measure that represents the change over time in the cost to produce output of goods and services.
Labor compensation
Labor compensation is a measure that represents monetary payments to individuals for labor services contributed to produce output of goods and services. Compensation may include salaries, wages, bonuses, contribution to benefits plans, and other forms of payment.
Labor productivity
Labor productivity is a measure that represents the amount of goods and services that can be produced relative to the amount of labor service used. Labor productivity measures the rate at which labor is used to produce output of goods and services, typically expressed as output per hour of labor.
Number of employees
Number of employees is a measure that represents the total number of wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family workers working at various occupations (jobs) within business establishments. An individual who works multiple jobs at separate establishments would have each job included in the number of employees.
Number of hours
Number of [labor] hours is a measure that represents the amount of time individuals contribute to produce output of domestic goods and services.
Output
Output is a measure that represents the amount of goods and services produced.
Output per employee
Output per employee is a measure that represents the amount of goods or services a person engaged in a particular occupation (job) can produce over an interval of time, such as a year, regardless of the actual number of hours worked.
Unit labor cost
Unit labor cost is a measure that represents the compensation for labor services used to produce each unit of goods and services produced.
Value of production
Value of production is a measure that represents the difference between the total output of goods and services produced and the intermediate inputs consumed to produce that output.
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